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Spathodea campanulata

P.Beauv. (1805)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Lamiales Family: Bignoniaceae Genus: Spathodea

African tulip tree, fountain tree

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Trees 7–12 m tall.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves compound (odd-pinnate). Opposite or whorled (3 per node). Blades with 3–19 leaflets, these elliptic, 7–13 cm long, 4–7 cm wide. Lower surfaces rugose-tomentose. Leaflet margins entire to serrate. Petiolate. Pseudostipules foliaceous, ovate to cordate, ca. 3 cm long, ca. 2 cm wide. True stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in terminal racemes. Rufous tomentose on inflorescence branches. Flowers bisexual (perfect), usually large and showy. Calyx large, spathe-like, rugous–tomentose, narrowing to a recurved tip, 4.5–6 cm long. Corolla zygomorphic, slightly 2-lipped, reddish orange or crimson, rarely golden yellow, broadly campanulate and ventricose; 8.5–9(–12) cm long, 4.5–5 cm wide at the mouth. Stamens 4; filaments attached to corolla tube, alternate with the lobes; anthers usually dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 2-carpellate, with as many cells, sometimes 1-celled or 4-celled, placentation axile or in 1-celled ovary with 2 or 4 intruded parietal placentas; ovules numerous per cell, rarely 1, anatropous or hemitropous, often erect; style 1; stigma 2-lobed.

Fruit: Fruit a narrowly oblong–ellipsoid capsules; the valves keeled; narrowed at both ends; dehiscing at right angles to the septum; capsules 17–25 cm long; 3.5–7 cm in diameter. Seeds flat; winged; the wings broad and hyaline–menbranous; endosperm absent; rarely present and oily.

Ploidy: 2n = 26; 36; 38

Habitat: Naturalized in mesic to wet areas at low elevation.

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Lana'i Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Water/Ocean
Wind

Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Fl. Oware 1: 47 (1805)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:388 (K, O, Mo, M, H); Staples & Herbst 2005:181 (KEY), 185 (DESCR); Oppenheimer 2007:21 (L)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Spathodea campanulata East branch of East Makaleha Valley Naturalized in open forest. Preserved_Specimen 6 ft. seedling. Degener, O. 20800 Oahu BISH 1950-07-30
2 Spathodea campanulata Honolulu Preserved_Specimen Juvenile stem. Degener, O. 10813 Oahu BISH 1935-09-08
3 Spathodea campanulata Laie, along side of Morman Temple Preserved_Specimen 25 ft. Au, R. 26 Oahu BISH 1960-12-08
4 Spathodea campanulata Kauai County, US-HI, US HUMAN_OBSERVATION 1627511128 Oahu HAPI 12/13/2011
5 Spathodea campanulata Honolulu, University of Hawaii Manoa Campus, in front of Sinclair Library Preserved_Specimen Large tree with dark green foliage, bright orange flowers. Herbst, D.R. 659 Oahu BISH 1967-10-17
6 Spathodea campanulata Honolulu Preserved_Specimen Pubescent when young. Degener, O. 10158 Oahu BISH 1935-12-01
7 Spathodea campanulata Honolulu; Dole St; SW side of bridge near dorms Preserved_Specimen Hawley, B. 1 Oahu BISH 1994-10-10
8 Spathodea campanulata Honolulu, Kamanele Park Preserved_Specimen 10 m x 6 dm tree St.John, H. Oahu BISH 1943-01-11
9 Spathodea campanulata Honolulu, Jaeger's place Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 6069 Oahu BISH
10 Spathodea campanulata Honolulu Preserved_Specimen Thompson Oahu BISH
11 Spathodea campanulata UH campus Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. Oahu BISH 1962-04-30
12 Spathodea campanulata Honolulu, University of Hawaii Manoa Campus Preserved_Specimen Forbes, A. Oahu BISH 1930-08-04
13 Spathodea campanulata East Maui, Hana District, S Fork of Waiohonu 50 ft. up stream from base camp Preserved_Specimen Harrison, B. 171 Maui BISH 1972-08-04
14 Spathodea campanulata Kawainui Marsh, along Quarry Road Preserved_Specimen Smith, L.B. 138 Oahu BISH 1976-05-24
15 Spathodea campanulata Honolulu, Kamanele Park Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 9877 Oahu BISH 1930-07-03
16 Spathodea campanulata Honolulu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 12558 Oahu BISH 1915-10-01
17 Spathodea campanulata Honolulu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 12558 Oahu BISH 1915-10-01
18 Spathodea campanulata Honolulu, Jaeger's place Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 6069 Oahu BISH
19 Spathodea campanulata School Street Honolulu Preserved_Specimen (Not on sheet) Oahu BISH 1940-06-06
20 Spathodea campanulata PHOTO from Bishop Museum collection Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Oahu BISH
21 Spathodea campanulata Honolulu; Dole St; SW side of bridge near dorms Preserved_Specimen Hawley, B. 1 Oahu BISH 1994-10-10
22 Spathodea campanulata Honolulu, Jaeger's place Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 6069 Oahu BISH
23 Spathodea campanulata Honolulu; Dole St; SW side of bridge near dorms Preserved_Specimen Hawley, B. 1 Oahu BISH 1994-10-10
24 Spathodea campanulata Honolulu, Jaeger's place Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 6069 Oahu BISH
25 Spathodea campanulata Honolulu, Mrs. Jaeger's residence Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 12550 Oahu BISH 1915-01-01
26 Spathodea campanulata Lahaina District, Alaeloa Several trees in abandoned pineapple field with Leucaena, Casuarina, Clusia, Urochloa, & Melinis Preserved_Specimen Flowers golden yellow (a feature no longer visible in dried material). Population mixed with typical orange-flowered individuals. Oppenheimer, H.L. 72403 Maui BISH 2024-07-02
27 Spathodea campanulata Wailua Game Reserve above Wailua Vegetation on plots stripmined for bauxite ore in 1958-60. Tree plot area. Fertilizer applied topically. Preserved_Specimen Tree of 5 m.; flowers orange, conspicuous golden margin to corolla. Howard, R.A. 20273 Kauai BISH 1985-10-20
28 Spathodea campanulata Vicinity Hulopoe Gulch Sparingly naturalized in Toona thicket with Psidium and Schinus. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 120642 Lanai BISH 2006-12-20
29 Spathodea campanulata East Maui, Hana District, Kalahu Point, PTBG Kahanu Garden, In secondary forest along SW boundary of garden on county road garden Preserved_Specimen Tree of 20 ft. Corolla bright orange -red. Flynn, T.W. 2497 Maui BISH 1987-10-20
30 Spathodea campanulata Wailua Game Reserve above Wailua Vegetation on plots stripmined for bauxite ore in 1958-60. Tree plot area. Fertilizer applied topically. Preserved_Specimen Tree of 5 m.; flowers orange, conspicuous golden margin to corolla. Howard, R.A. 20273 Kauai BISH 1985-10-20
31 Spathodea campanulata Honolulu, University of Hawaii Manoa Campus, Miller Hall In full sun. Preserved_Specimen A tree 7 m. tall with a scraggly irregular crown. Corollas without orange red. Corollas within orange with venation traced in blood red, with the exception of the lobes which are uniformly orange red. Flower odorless (evening). Lau, J. 2096 Oahu BISH 1986-03-05
32 Spathodea campanulata Haleiwa near Weed Junction, Honolulu Altitide is 70 deg. Slope 30 deg. Soil is clay loam. Preserved_Specimen Large pinnate leaves, colorful clusters of red flowers. Very colorful attractive tree. Tree to 30'. Afualo, D. 12 Oahu BISH 1975-02-16
33 Spathodea campanulata East Maui, Hana District, Kalahu Point, PTBG Kahanu Garden. In secondary forest along SW boundary of garden on county road forest Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 2497 Maui BISH 1987-10-20
34 Spathodea campanulata Honolulu, University of Hawaii Manoa Campus Semi-dry ground. Preserved_Specimen Inafuku, R. Oahu BISH 1931-03-09
35 Spathodea campanulata Honolulu, Manoa Slope 45 degrees. Distribution abundant. Preserved_Specimen Tree, leaves 1 to 2 Ft. long, Leaflets 3 to 5 inches long. Higuchi, G.T. 79 Oahu BISH 1971-05-08
36 Spathodea campanulata Kalaupapa; Bishop Home grounds semi-maintained Preserved_Specimen tree Wysong, M.L. 774 Molokai BISH 2005-08-10
37 Spathodea campanulata East Maui, Hana District, Tr 16(35), Along ridge in central Kipahulu valley Forest. Wet Koa-'ohi'a forest with other native trees and a treefern, native shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen Sterile, leaves only Higashino, P.K. 9417 Maui BISH 1980-07-22
38 Spathodea campanulata Lihue Ornamental roadside tree. Preserved_Specimen Tree 50 ft., 14 inches in diameter, planted, introduced. Little Jr., E.L. 31176 Kauai BISH 1976-09-01
39 Spathodea campanulata Waialee, Koolau Range, lower woods Dry, eroded slope, only one plant. Preserved_Specimen A shrub 2 m. tall, leaves tinged with red. St.John, H. 21580 Oahu BISH 1946-05-12
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